Jaito Morcha: firing at Gurdwara Tibbi Sahib

Who: A Sikh Jatha of approximately 500 Akalis marching toward the temporarily-suspended Gurdwara Gangsar at Jaito in Nabha princely state. Opposed by forces of the Nabha princely administration and British Indian Army units.

What: Multiple Sikh Jathas attempted to march to Gurdwara Gangsar in Jaito over approximately 18 months (August 1923 - July 1925) to protest the British-deposed Maharaja of Nabha's abdication and related Gurdwara restrictions. On February 21, 1924, the first Shahidi Jatha of about 500 reached Gurdwara Tibbi Sahib at Jaito, where Nabha state police and British troops opened fire. The official count was 19 killed and 29 injured; another count gives 21 killed; Akali figures were much higher.

Where: Gurdwara Tibbi Sahib, Jaito, Nabha princely state (now Faridkot district, Punjab).

Why it mattered: The Jaito Morcha sustained Sikh mass mobilization for nearly two years. Combined with Nankana Sahib (1921) and Guru Ka Bagh (1922), Jaito contributed the political pressure that produced the Sikh Gurdwaras Act 1925. The Jaito firing established another foundational case of state violence against non-violent Sikh civil-resistance action.

Institutional outcome: The Morcha succeeded in reinstating the abdicated Maharaja (partially) and in accelerating the legislative process that produced the 1925 Sikh Gurdwaras Act.